5.1 Formal and Informal Speech Styles

When it comes to speaking Japanese, there are two main speech styles: formal and informal.

These styles, shaped by social dynamics and relationships, hold the key to successful communication in Japanese.

For the young adult and adult beginners embarking on their language learning journey, focusing on mastering formal speech style is a wise choice. It unlocks the gates to professional settings, where respect and politeness are particularly important.

What are the key differences?

In formal speech – when talking to a stranger or someone who is older or in a senior position – it is important to show respect by using polite forms. This includes the polite form です (desu) at the end of sentences, which we have emphasised so far.

In Module 6.1, we will learn another important polite form, the ます (masu) form. For now, we will continue to focus on the polite form です (desu).

Conversely, in informal speech –when talking to a close friend or family member – you can be more relaxed and casual. You can use shorter sentences without the polite form です and even leave out certain particles.

Why is it important to learn the formal speech style?

Understanding the distinction between formal and informal speech is important for confidently navigating different social situations. For beginners, we recommend starting with a solid understanding of the formal speech style. This is because you are more likely to encounter new people in Japanese-speaking contexts. As a young adult or adult, you are expected to use polite and formal speech initially when building social and professional relationships.

At the same time, maintaining a balance in your Japanese learning journey is also crucial. We encourage you to become comfortable using polite forms and expressions, while also exploring the nuances and flexibility of informal speech. Achieving this balance is a key aspect of mastering the language!