Glossary

This glossary was adapted from the Glossary in The OER Starter Kit by Abbey K. Elder, which  is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, except where otherwise noted.

Accessibility can be viewed as the "ability to access" something. The concept of accessible design and practice of accessible development ensures both "direct access" (i.e. unassisted) and "indirect access" meaning compatibility with a person's assistive technology (for example, computer screen readers) (“Accessibility”, 2022).

A word or phrase that can be inserted as an attribute in an HTML (Hypertext Markup Language) document to tell website visitors the nature or contents of an image (TechTarget Contributor, 2012).

The process by which a content user gives proper credit to the original creator of a work when a portion of that work is reused or adopted outside of its original context. Attribution typically includes a link to the original work and information about the author and license.

A model for designing instructional materials where the instructor or designer begins the design process with a focus on the desired results (i.e., the outcome) of instruction (Learning Theories, n.d.).

A set of intellectual property laws that give the rightsholder of a work (usually the author) exclusive rights over the reproduction, reuse, remixing, display, performance, and redistribution of their work.

A license permits users to certain rights over a copyrighted work. These can be exclusive (allowed for individual groups) or nonexclusive (allowed for all users). Licenses can be restricted by certain factors such as purpose, territory, duration, and media (FindLaw, 2016).

The final outcomes that an instructor expects their students to gain by the time the students complete a course.

A set of open licenses that allow creators to clearly mark how others can reuse their work through a set of four badge-like components: Attribution, Share-Alike, Non-Commercial, and No Derivatives

A work based on or derived from one or more already existing works. Common derivative works include translations, musical arrangements, art reproductions, and abridgments . (USLegal.com, n.d.).

Digital Rights Management is any system that allows publishers and vendors to impose limits on what users can do with digital material, typically e-books and videos. These limits are designed to restrict copying, sharing and reformatting

DRM-free resources eliminate the limitations of DRM and can be opened with ease on a range of devices and apps, and the files can be freely shared, edited, and reformatted – although copyright and licence conditions will apply.

The practice or policy of including people who might otherwise be excluded or marginalized, such as those who have physical or mental disabilities and members of minority groups (Oxford Lexico, n.d.).

A piece of software that manages, analyses, and runs educational courses. Canvas and Blackboard are two popular examples.

The process by which a rightsholder (usually the creator of a work) dictates that others can reuse their work in specific ways.

A model by which content creators make their scholarly outputs free to access without cost to users. This can be done either by publishing content with an OA publisher or by sharing a copy of the content on an open repository.

Practices which encourage the development of openness, community engagement, transparency, responsibility, sharing, and accountability in education (“Open Education Practices”, 2016).

Free educational materials that are openly licensed to enable reuse and redistribution by users.

Repositories of OER materials.

Online tools that search multiple OER collections to locate OERs.

A copyright license which grants permission for all users to access, reuse, and redistribute a work with few or no restrictions.

A set of pedagogical practices that include engaging students in content creation and making learning accessible to all.

An umbrella term for a movement comprised of a variety of practices aiming to remove barriers for sharing any kind of research output, including resources, methods, or tools created at any stage of the research process (Bueno de la Fuente, n.d.).

Software with source code that anyone can inspect, modify, and enhance (OpenSource.com, n.d.).

An openly licensed and free to access textbook; an OER meant to be used as a textbook for a course.

Repositories of open textbooks.

A work which is not covered under copyright law, whose copyright has expired, or which has been dedicated to the public domain by its rightsholder is said to be in the public domain.

The outcomes that an instructor expects their students to display at the end of a learning experience (an activity, process, or course) (Elhabashy, 2017).

A process intended to design products that are usable by all people,with or without disabilities, to the greatest extent possible (Edyburn, 2010).

A framework to improve and optimize teaching and learning for all people based on the concept that, by providing multiple ways of engaging with content, the diverse educational needs of learners can be met.

Accessibility. (2022, August 22). In Wikipedia. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Accessibility

Bueno de la Fuente, G. (n.d.). What is open Science? Introduction. Foster. https://www.fosteropenscience.eu/content/what-open-science-introduction

FindLaw. (2016, December 22). Copyright Licenses. https://www.findlaw.com/smallbusiness/intellectual-property/copyright-licenses.html

Edyburn, D.L. (2010). Would You Recognize Universal Design for Learning if You Saw it? Ten Propositions for New Directions for the Second Decade of UDL. Learning Disability Quarterly, 33(1), 33-41. DOI:10.2307/25701429

Elhabashy, S. (2017). Formulate Consequential Student Learning Outcomes. Johns Hopkins University Press.

Learning Theories. (n.d.). Backward Design. https://learning-theories.com/backward-design.html

Open Education Practices: A User Guide for Organisations/Resources and Practices. (2016, September 9). In Wikibooks. https://en.wikibooks.org/wiki/Open_Education_Practices:_A_User_Guide_for_Organisations/Resources_and_Practices

Opensource.com. (n.d.). What is open source? https://opensource.com/resources/what-open-source

Oxford Lexico. (n.d.). Inclusivity. In Lexico.com dictionary. Retrieved April  26, 2022, from https://www.lexico.com/definition/inclusivity

TechTarget Contributor. (2012, Oct). alt text (alternative text). WhatIs.com. https://www.techtarget.com/whatis/definition/alt-text-alternative-text

USLegal.com. (n.d.). Compilations, Collective and Derivative Works. https://copyright.uslegal.com/enumerated-categories-of-copyrightable-works/compilations-collective-and-derivative-works/