2.4 Barriers to implementation

Several factors are crucial for the successful integration of alternative healthcare models into existing systems, including stakeholder engagement, careful planning, and investment in infrastructure and training. Seamless interoperability between different healthcare platforms and effective communication channels are also critical for ensuring continuity of care. Each of these factors have multiple barriers and facilitators. An overview of reviews by Rawlinson et al. (2021) highlighted several barriers for stakeholder engagement, including financial factors, increased workload for clinicians, lack of training and upskilling for the required technology, lack of sufficient communication between stakeholders, and resistance to change (Rawlinson et al., 2021). Other barriers to alternative models of care like e-health, especially for older adults, were reported to be lack of self-efficacy, knowledge, support, functionality and appropriate information provision (Rawlinson et al., 2021; Wilson et al., 2021).